Abstract: Antioxidants, which have long been deemed an indispensable guardian of human health, play a pivotal role in bolstering the body's defense against a plethora of diseases. Three well-recognized seaweeds in Bangladesh, including Caulerpa racemosa, Padina tetrastromatica, and Hypnea musciformis, were subjected to meticulous analysis to reveal their phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial efficacy using advanced spectroscopic and disc diffusion methods. Intriguingly, we observed that C. racemosa emerges as frontrunners, possessing a substantial arsenal of phenol (143.08 ± 18.51 mg gallic acid equivalent g─1) and flavonoid (63.79 ± 2.16 mg rutin equivalent g─1). More fundamentally, C. racemosa exhibits a notable enrichment in the content of tannin (73.58 mg RE g─1) and chlorophyll (13.50 mg g─1), as well as, antioxidant capacity (4457.67 μg g─1). P. tetrastromatica, on the other hand, displayed commendable effectiveness in scavenging the DPPH radical, with percentages ranging from 53.98 to 62.17%. In terms of hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging activity, C. racemosa exhibited the highest efficacy at 400 g mL─1. Fascinatingly, C. racemosa exhibited an impressive antioxidant potential, as evidenced by its exceptionally low IC50 value of 5.58 μg mL−1 for OH• scavenging, whereas P. tetrastromatica showed impressively low value of 0.96 μg mL−1 for DPPH scavenging. Although the three seaweeds demonstrated limited efficacy against a spectrum of five human pathogenic bacteria, their potential as abundant sources of antioxidants remains unscathed. Notably, heatmap and PCA analysis revealed that C. racemosa and P. tetrastromatica emerge as the leading contender for studied antioxidant compounds, demonstrating their proclivity for antioxidant extraction, a trait that could be exploited for large-scale production of these valuable compounds.

Abstract: In a dynamic coastal environment, the morphology of a sandbar is anticipated to change regularly, particularly when there is a large annual sediment supply. The study explored the nature and magnitude of a developing sandbar’s morphological changes between 1972 and 2006 in Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, using five different satellite images. The sandbar’s changes across the shoreline were calculated using field survey data and manual-drawing outlines of overlaid maps. The study revealed continuous and rapid morphological changes of the sandbar along the Island’s shoreline. The net annual rate of shoreline displacement ranges between 3.94 m and 7.79 m during the period. These might directly result from the Island being exposed to huge wave and tidal action and excessive sediment supply around the Island. Transect 3 represents the sandbar’s head and appears to be the most active zone with the most significant annual shoreline displacement of 22.00 m. The sandbar’s far end around Transect 7 is more stable with a yearly shoreline displacement of 0.50 m. Changes were more drastic between 1999 and 2006 than between 1972 and 1999. These rapid changes after 1999 could indicate that the sandbar is becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic changes and the adverse effects of sea-level rise.

Abstract: The Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) forms the second-largest single-species marine fishery in Bangladesh and therefore has a significant impact on the local economy, providing employment, food, and nutrition to thousands of people. Despite the immense importance, this fishery has never been a priority for the relevant regulatory authorities. To enhance the sustainability of this fishery, an effective management policy based on the scientific evaluation of the current stock’s status is urgently required. Therefore, this study used three methodological approaches (traditional size structure-based stock assessment to reveal current exploitation status; the length-based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) to evaluate the stock’s spawning biomass; and Froese’s sustainability indicators for sustainable fishing) to conduct a thorough assessment of the Bombay duck stock to establish basic standards for the sustainable management of this fishery. The results revealed that this fishery is presently suffering from overexploitation and the stock’s spawning biomass (SPR = 8%) is below the limit reference point because of the juvenile-oriented fishing behavior of the fishery. Based on the outputs, this study recommended the mesh size regulation of the set bag nets (SBNs) (5 cm mesh size for the codend) to ensure not to catch immature fishes with a length equal to or smaller than 17.95 cm; and reduce the existing number of SBNs by half to reduce fishing pressure on the stock to ensure the sustainability of this fishery.

Abstract: Volume I of Geospatial Information Handbook for Water Resources and Watershed Management discusses fundamental characteristics, measurements, and analyses of water features and watersheds including lakes and reservoirs, rivers and streams, and coasts and estuaries. It presents contemporary knowledge on Geospatial Technology (GT)–supported functional analyses of water runoff, storage and balance, flooding and floodplains, water quality, soils and moisture, climate vulnerabilities, and ecosystem services. 1. Captures advanced Geospatial Technologies (GTs) addressing a wide range of water issues 2. Provides real-world applications and case studies using advanced spectral and spatial sensors combined with geospatially facilitated water process models 3. Details applications of ArcInfo/ArcGIS, Google Earth Engine, and other systems using advanced remote sensors, including hyperspectral ER2 AVIRIS, Sentinel-1 and -2, MODIS, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI and TIPS, SAR radar, and thermal imaging 4. Global in coverage with applications contributed by more than 170 authors with lifelong expertise in water sciences and engineering. This handbook is a wide-ranging and contemporary reference of advanced geospatial techniques used in numerous practical applications at the local and regional scales and is an in-depth resource for professionals and the water research community worldwide.

Abstract The small-scale fisheries in the northern Bay of Bengal coast of Bangladesh have been suffering due to an uncontrolled expansion of the fishing effort. Given this, it is important for all stakeholders to understand the current stocks’ status and their response to the present degree of removal. This study used two different methodological approaches to assess six commercially important fish species’ stock status from this coast with fisheries representative length–frequencydata: a length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method (LBB) for relative fishing mortality and stock biomass, and Froese’s length-based indicators (LBIs) for the sustainability of the fisheries. The present findings revealed that the biomass of Bregmaceros mcclellandi, Escualosa thoracata, Ilisha filigera, Johnius belangerii and Coilia dussumieri was below the target reference points (B/B< 1 in LBB and SB < SB in LBIs), suggesting overfished status of those fisheries. The biomass of Megalaspis cordyla, on the other hand, was above the threshold level (B/B in LBB & SB > 0.4 in LBIs). Depending on the outputs, this study recommended not to catch fish with lengths equal or smaller than the length at first sexual maturity to avoid growth overfishing, exclude the mega-spawners (length > +10% of ) from the catch for preventing recruitment overfishing, and bring the fishing mortality back to the sustainable level (F=M) by reducing the existing number of boats to its half for fisheries long-term survivability.

In its resolutions 57/141 and 58/240, the General Assembly decided to establish a regular process under the United Nations for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects, both current and foreseeable, building on existing regional assessments. In its resolution 71/257, the Assembly recalled that the scope of the first cycle of the Regular Process focused on establishing a baseline and decided that the scope of the second cycle would extend to evaluating trends and identifying gaps. The programme of work for the period 2017–2020 of the second cycle of the Regular Process includes the preparation by the Group of Experts of the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects, of the second World Ocean Assessment, building on the baselines established by the First Global Integrated Marine Assessment (first World Ocean Assessment). In its resolution 72/73, the Assembly decided that the Group of Experts should proceed on the basis of a single comprehensive assessment. The present document was prepared by the Group of Experts in accordance with those decisions.

The book deals with marine fish diversity of Bangladesh. Fish specimens were collected from landing centers along the coast, local markets, and fishing boats, trawlers and vessels between 2016 and 2020. Identification followed the taxonomic keys of FAO species identification sheets and relevant literatures, and cross-checked with currently valid scientific names listed in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (California Academy of Sciences, USA), World Register of Marine Species and FishBase. Fishes were sorted to order, family, genus, and species, and given biological names following the evolutionary relationships in the hierarchical system. A total of 426 species are described. Of these, 11 fish species are tentatively new to science, and over 270 species are additional records when compared with the baseline survey of marine fishes reported by Hussain (1969). Perciformes represents the largest order with 50 families and 221 species, while Carangidae is the most speciose family with 32 species. All the species are presented with scientific nomenclature mentioning name of author(s) and year of description, English and local names, major synonyms, diagnostic features including morphometric measurement and meristic counts, photographs, size, weight, feeding habit, and spatial distribution. Radiographic images of 32 species are included as an additional information.

Abstract: Quantitative analyzes of chlorophyll concentration in relation to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) can explain the spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton in oceans. In this study, the response of chlorophyll in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS) to seasonal SST was investigated using remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. MODIS SST data were validated with in-situ data derived from the World Ocean Database. Thus, satellite-based SST estimates were more reliable for BoB than that of AS. In general, SST was comparatively high in BoB; the lowest 27.88° C recorded in January and the highest 30.33° C in April. In contrast, maximum SST in AS was 29.82° C in May and minimum 26.66° C recorded in January. The chlorophyll concentration in BoB was minimum (0.31 mg m-3) in April and maximum (0.46 mg m-3) in September. While the chlorophyllin AS was minimum (0.34 mg m-3) in April and maximum (1.18 mg m-3) in September. These results suggest a significant negative association between SST and chlorophyll in BoB and AS that can explain 32% variability of chlorophyllin both areas. Other than SST, a large number of biotic and abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability, presence of sunlight, mixing layer depth, grazing etc. affect the seasonal variation of chlorophyll. Nevertheless, this study will provide useful information to understand the phytoplankton dynamics in tropical seas.

Abstract: Resilience has been conceptualized in various ways by anthropologists, ecologists, systems scientists and engineers; the boundaries of resilience are subjective and context dependent. Consequently, choosing the standards and metrics for assessing resilience remains key challenges for policy makers. In this study, using multicriteria evaluation of 40 basic criteria of human, physical, financial, natural and social assets, we have identified several elements, such as experienced fishermen, natural abundance of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), ability to assert decision on fish selling, nets and boats ownership, social harmony and capacity of buying food as essential livelihood assets for the fishermen at Hatiya Island, Bangladesh. These assets may enhance the relative resilience of the fishing community of the island to climate change by as much as 20–40%. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the elements that lead to resilience at the community level.

2nd international Conference on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP), Organized by International Oceanographic Commission (IOC), Paris, France

Aquaculture America: 2017, organized by World Aquaculture Society (WAS), Texas, USA

The use of probiotics, as an ecofriendly prophylactic approach of multiple benefits to the target host, is much appreciated in aquaculture recently. For example, survival of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) after administration of probiotic Bacillus S11, coupled with ozonation, increased significantly than that of the control group (Meunpol, Lopi-nyosiri & Menasveta, 2003). Moreover, Bacillus was able to replace Vibrio spp. in the gut of P. monodon and led to an increased shrimp survival (Rengpipat, Phianphak, Piyatiratitivorakul & Menasveta, 1998).There is also evidence of improved innate immune response in prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) due to Bacillus, either by diet or water delivery (Kumar et al., 2013; Rahiman, Jesmi, Thomas & Hatha, 2010).Certainly, a number of studies have demonstrated the ability of probiotics to improve growth rate, larval development and survival of shrimp/prawn (Keysami, Saad, Sijam, Daud & Alimon, 2007; Rengpipat,Tunyamum, Fast, Piyatiratitivoraku & Menasveta, 2003; Sharifuzza-man & Austin, 2017; Sharifuzzaman, Hossain, Majumder, Das & Bhat-tacharjee, 2009; Vaseeharan & Ramasamy, 2003; Venkat, Sahu & Jain,2004; Wang, 2007; Ziaei-Nejad et al., 2006), but data on the reproductive effects are lacking. Recently, the benefits of probiotics supple-mentation on fish reproduction such as gonadal development, sperm quality and egg production, oocyte maturation, and embryo development and viability are highlighted (reviewed by Carnevali, Maradonna& Gioacchini, 2017). Therefore, probiotics could be useful to improve reproductive success of aquaculture broodstock that can lead to better larviculture practices, fry production and profitability.

Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture, Copyright © TIIKM ISSN: 2386-1282 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.17501/icfa.2016.3102

Fossil-fuel combustion releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, leading to a warmer climate. Increasing atmospheric CO2 is changing the global ocean’s chemistry, as one-fourth of the anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by the ocean. In addition, ocean absorbs CO2 from the respiration and breakdown of dead organic matter. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing both ocean pH and the concentration of the carbonate ion. The historical trends analysis showed an increasing water temperature with a decreasing pH levels over the period which may lead substantial effect on the biodiversity of the Bay of Bengal. The Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries (IMSF) in Chittagong University have been contributed in research and data generation from the coastal and marine ecosystems of Bangladesh. In addition, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority and Coast Guard have been significantly contributed in hydrographical data collection and monitoring of the shelf water of Bangladesh in the Bay of Bengal. Ocean acidification could affect marine

Abstract: The use of digital elevation model (DEM) is important for any geo-environmental studies as a tool. The aim of the present study is to produce a standard and quality DEM of Chittagong coastal and terrestrial region from available topographic & bathymetric data resources. The DEM will serve as a tool to facilitate storm surge/flood inundation model and to generate tsunami inundation maps, which would be of much facilitate during natural disasters to save lives and properties.

MPhil Thesis

Here we report a total of 317 molluscs collected from the islands of Kutubdia, Maheskhali and Sonadia, of which 121 species are identified as gastropods under 27 families, and 125 species are bivalves under 19 families. Among all identified molluscs, 181 species are new to Bangladesh. Some 71 specimens are described to the genus level only. Gastropods and bivalves are the two largest groups of molluscs in terms of numbers of species, and they are frequently encountered in the intertidal and shallow water marine habitats, even by commoners.

Abstract- In this paper the results of feasibility study to generate electrical energy from waves of the Bay of Bengal have been discussed. The wave resource assessment, economic conditions, challenges and the cost estimation for power generation are also described. Calculation of Wave energy and an analysis of energy fluctuation at various months of different consecutive years are presented. It is observed that, waves have travelled with a lot of energy from April to October and a considerable amount of energy at November to March in the Bay of Bengal at Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong. The energy is wave dominated. Due to availability of generated wave, it is possible to generate Power with full pace from April to October and considerable amount can be generated at rest of the months. In the circumstances research on renewable energy is very important to mitigate the increasing power demand and a contribution to reduce global warming. Moreover, a new design methodology of ocean wave energy conversion is described. This design is focused on the velocity of wave and it will captured energy from wave as a thrust force which will be used to the conversion of electrical energy as per design presented. An option has been adopted for hybridization from various renewable sources of that device which can reduces the cost of device and increase the power generation has also been described. Proposed method could be applicable to convert the energy from ocean wave all over the world.

The book contains 308 pages including 32 colour plates of 126 fish. It is believe that the academicians, students, researchers, fishery managers, administrators, policy makers and entrepreneurs should find this book as ready reference. Information on fish such as the systematic classification, synonyms and salient features are provided for 126 species. Moreover, especial notes on fish habitats, gears, annual catch, market price and monthly abundance with logical illustrations shall obviously enhance the quality of the book. The author hopes that this work shall serve as an exhaustive text book on fishery courses at the university and research institutions.

ABSTRACT: Bathymetry or underwater mapping is an important tool to understand the bottom topography of any water body. It ensures safe and fastest navigation. Furthermore, commercial fisheries and sailors use them to prevent shipwrecks while scientist use them to predict the extent of natural devastations, to explore the unexplored regions, to better understanding of the nature of waves, tides and currents and to study Paleobathymetry etc. An attempt has been taken to produce a bottom topographic 3D map using open source sounding and satellite data available for the Bay of Bengal area. Topographic data has been collected from the Environmental Research Division's Data Access Program (ERDDAP) live server under griddap protocol. Swatch of no ground, found at the northern part of the bay was most probably due to the heavy sedimentation load from the upper streams of the mighty river systems. Likewise, except the uneven features have been observed at 85°E longitude in between 14°N to 7°N known as 85°E ridge, rest part of the ridge was found to be buried under the huge sediment load. An unidentified bathymetric positive elevation in between 86.0°E to 86.4°E and 6.2°N to 6.7°N with a height of 250 m suggested some tectonic or geophysical activities around the elevation. The Ninety East Ridge, most prominent and important feature, was found to be headed at the Bay of Bengal with height variation of 1000 to 1500m.

Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world and is a victim of frequent natural calamities like tropical cyclones, tornadoes, floods, storm surges and droughts. Sea surface temperature (SST) plays a vital role in determining ocean-atmosphere interaction. In this study we focused on understanding the behavior of SST anomaly prevailed in the region of Bay of Bengal mainly to assume the surface temperature signature for cyclone occurrence. For this study, the observed SST anomaly data were derived from NOAA Coast-watch using a combination of global and regional algorithms. The SST anomaly maps were produced using SAGA-GIS software where the SST lines were fixed at the mean of 30 years data. The AVHRR SST was compared with the climatological SST for the region of Bay of Bengal in 2010. The monthly SST anomaly for 2010 showed average departure of 0.7°C for all the months except June and October. It was found that the anomaly increases about 2°C at the end of September, and in October the basin bears no significant anomaly.

https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20093194527

Abstract: River plumes are important pathways of terrestrial materials entering the sea. In northern Bay of Bengal, rivers are known to be the dominant source of littoral, shelf and basin sediment and coastal pollution; although a basic understanding of the dynamics of these river inputs does not exist. The Bay of Bengal exhibit unique oceanic feature due to large discharge especially, from the Ganges-Brahmaputra River system. The present study was designated to detect the dispersion pattern of Ganges-Brahmaputra River discharge based on satellite observations and archived field data. The signature of the plume of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Rivers was determined from the temporal and spatial distribution of salinity and turbidity index. Salinity data set used in the present study was obtained from World Ocean database 2005. To determine variation of turbidity distribution normalized water-leaving radiance at 555nm (nLw555) was used from SeaWiFS. Distribution of salinity and turbidity in the Bay of Bengal were found highly variable both in spatial and temporal pattern. Turbidity was always occupying its maximum value near the northern coast of the Bay of Bengal whereas salinity slowed its minimum. A gradual increase of salinity and decrease of turbidity towards south was found as a general phenomenon. The distribution of salinity and turbidity along the eastern and western coast, adjacent to the northern Bay of Bengal vary with river discharge and circulation pattern. The east coast of the Bay contains low saline water and higher turbidity all over the year. During the month of large river discharge and anticlockwise circulation in surface current, freshwater from the northern Bay also tends to move along the west coast indicating lower concentration of salinity and higher turbidity index. From the distribution of salinity and turbidity it was evident that the freshwater of Ganges- Brahmaputra Rivers moves along the east coast all over the year and during the month of anticlockwise circulation moves along the west coast.

Abstract: The Meghna deltaic region consists of fluvial and tidal geomorphological deposits that has created the world’s largest delta in the form of coastal landscape and islands, which gives an opportunity to raise a complex mangrove ecosystem. The unsupervised technique algorithm ISODATA was operated, for spectral grouping of the TM image, where the supervised classification with maximum likelihood strategy was applied using the training areas from different islands. The accuracy of the image classification was measured by means of an error matrix that output the values of 0.87 and 0.96 for the Kappa and Tau coefficient, respectively. A total of 27,014 ha mangrove forest was identified and the spatial development has clearly indicated the location and extent of the mangrove forest in the islands. The results of the present study is a good example of integrated simultaneous top‐down and bottom‐up approach that combined information from remote sensing imagery, topographic maps, forest maps and field validation by multi‐disciplinary researchers. Accreted and marshy bare substratum, the suitable areas for mangrove plantation, cover about 15% of the islands which could be encouraged for the development of coastal green belt and to maximize socio‐ecological resilience of the islanders in minimizing the hazards of tropical cyclone.

https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/19868

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://kaekae.oas.psu.ac.th/ojs/psuhsej/include/getdoc.php%3Fid%3D1160%26article%3D459%26mode%3Dpdf&ved=2ahUKEwiFhu6KuuWFAxWgU2wGHf_aDh4QFnoECBMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2j_s-JIdCkhWwYtnKW0Xzu

Abstract: Remote sensing techniques are being used for monitoring essential environmental parameters. The ground based X-Band nautical radar system in the List West of Sylt, is deployed by the Department of Radar Hydrography of GKSS Research Center. In this thesis, the acquired image sequences by the system were analyzed by the Dispersive Surface Classificator (DiSC). The method was used to determine two most important coastal parameters, water depth and surface current. DiSC is based on the linear dispersion relation of the sea-surface wave and deformation of dispersion relation in coastal water due to the impact of seabed and surface current are taken in account to calculate bathymetry and current map. Though the theoretical limitation is known, a strong wind condition event was chosen for determining depths and mainly current features. The sensitivity of the different parameters in the method was discussed analytically. During the chosen period the wind condition was not strong enough to produce reliable bathymetric map, but suitable to derive current information. The current maps showed dominating inflow during flood phase. Same feature was observed in flow sequence over the tidal channel of List Landtief. Sediment motion in the area was also evaluated. The current information revealed by the method seems promising and reliable. As it is the first time that the method was used for flow calculation, the result shows significant symmetry with known environmental condition, which implies its feasibility for such interpretation. Extensions of the method DiSC, subjected to further modeling of nonlinear theories for coastal waters, which can overcome the limitation of the approach.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/dl.php%3Fjournal_id%3D380&ved=2ahUKEwiioq_vuuWFAxXhSGcHHS3YDdQQFnoECBQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0km8ANE9l3ltUJcpEWsWtY

https://www.scribd.com/document/83650760/An-Analysis-of-Economic-and-Environmental-Issues-Associated-With-Sea-Salt-Production-in-Bangladesh-and-Thailand-Coast

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10106040308542264

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/dl.php%3Fjournal_id%3D10009&ved=2ahUKEwje8bDWu-WFAxXfRmcHHUAVApQQFnoECBMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1dVmaKD6B-M3ee6GtUoVz3

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280051057_Trace_metals_in_Penaeid_shrimp_and_Spiny_lobster_from_the_Bay_of_Bengal

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/journal-detail.php%3Fid%3D127&ved=2ahUKEwid-8OLvuWFAxV2TWcHHRjtD_MQFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw3UGmtorQoJJM0vAX-0czMh